/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.realm;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javax.security.auth.Subject;
import javax.security.auth.callback.CallbackHandler;
import javax.security.auth.login.AccountExpiredException;
import javax.security.auth.login.Configuration;
import javax.security.auth.login.CredentialExpiredException;
import javax.security.auth.login.FailedLoginException;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext;
import javax.security.auth.login.LoginException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.juli.logging.Log;
import org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.ExceptionUtils;
/**
* <p>Implementation of <b>Realm</b> that authenticates users via the <em>Java
* Authentication and Authorization Service</em> (JAAS). JAAS support requires
* either JDK 1.4 (which includes it as part of the standard platform) or
* JDK 1.3 (with the plug-in <code>jaas.jar</code> file).</p>
*
* <p>The value configured for the <code>appName</code> property is passed to
* the <code>javax.security.auth.login.LoginContext</code> constructor, to
* specify the <em>application name</em> used to select the set of relevant
* <code>LoginModules</code> required.</p>
*
* <p>The JAAS Specification describes the result of a successful login as a
* <code>javax.security.auth.Subject</code> instance, which can contain zero
* or more <code>java.security.Principal</code> objects in the return value
* of the <code>Subject.getPrincipals()</code> method. However, it provides
* no guidance on how to distinguish Principals that describe the individual
* user (and are thus appropriate to return as the value of
* request.getUserPrincipal() in a web application) from the Principal(s)
* that describe the authorized roles for this user. To maintain as much
* independence as possible from the underlying <code>LoginMethod</code>
* implementation executed by JAAS, the following policy is implemented by
* this Realm:</p>
* <ul>
* <li>The JAAS <code>LoginModule</code> is assumed to return a
* <code>Subject</code> with at least one <code>Principal</code> instance
* representing the user himself or herself, and zero or more separate
* <code>Principals</code> representing the security roles authorized
* for this user.</li>
* <li>On the <code>Principal</code> representing the user, the Principal
* name is an appropriate value to return via the Servlet API method
* <code>HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser()</code>.</li>
* <li>On the <code>Principals</code> representing the security roles, the
* name is the name of the authorized security role.</li>
* <li>This Realm will be configured with two lists of fully qualified Java
* class names of classes that implement
* <code>java.security.Principal</code> - one that identifies class(es)
* representing a user, and one that identifies class(es) representing
* a security role.</li>
* <li>As this Realm iterates over the <code>Principals</code> returned by
* <code>Subject.getPrincipals()</code>, it will identify the first
* <code>Principal</code> that matches the "user classes" list as the
* <code>Principal</code> for this user.</li>
* <li>As this Realm iterates over the <code>Principals</code> returned by
* <code>Subject.getPrincipals()</code>, it will accumulate the set of
* all <code>Principals</code> matching the "role classes" list as
* identifying the security roles for this user.</li>
* <li>It is a configuration error for the JAAS login method to return a
* validated <code>Subject</code> without a <code>Principal</code> that
* matches the "user classes" list.</li>
* <li>By default, the enclosing Container's name serves as the
* application name used to obtain the JAAS LoginContext ("Catalina" in
* a default installation). Tomcat must be able to find an application
* with this name in the JAAS configuration file. Here is a hypothetical
* JAAS configuration file entry for a database-oriented login module that uses
* a Tomcat-managed JNDI database resource:
* <blockquote><pre>Catalina {
org.foobar.auth.DatabaseLoginModule REQUIRED
JNDI_RESOURCE=jdbc/AuthDB
USER_TABLE=users
USER_ID_COLUMN=id
USER_NAME_COLUMN=name
USER_CREDENTIAL_COLUMN=password
ROLE_TABLE=roles
ROLE_NAME_COLUMN=name
PRINCIPAL_FACTORY=org.foobar.auth.impl.SimplePrincipalFactory;
};</pre></blockquote></li>
* <li>To set the JAAS configuration file
* location, set the <code>CATALINA_OPTS</code> environment variable
* similar to the following:
<blockquote><code>CATALINA_OPTS="-Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CATALINA_HOME/conf/jaas.config"</code></blockquote>
* </li>
* <li>As part of the login process, JAASRealm registers its own <code>CallbackHandler</code>,
* called (unsurprisingly) <code>JAASCallbackHandler</code>. This handler supplies the
* HTTP requests's username and credentials to the user-supplied <code>LoginModule</code></li>
* <li>As with other <code>Realm</code> implementations, digested passwords are supported if
* the <code><Realm></code> element in <code>server.xml</code> contains a
* <code>digest</code> attribute; <code>JAASCallbackHandler</code> will digest the password
* prior to passing it back to the <code>LoginModule</code></li>
* </ul>
*
* @author Craig R. McClanahan
* @author Yoav Shapira
*/
public class JAASRealm extends RealmBase {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(JAASRealm.class);
// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables
/**
* The application name passed to the JAAS <code>LoginContext</code>,
* which uses it to select the set of relevant <code>LoginModule</code>s.
*/
protected String appName = null;
/**
* Descriptive information about this <code>Realm</code> implementation.
*/
protected static final String info =
"org.apache.catalina.realm.JAASRealm/1.0";
/**
* Descriptive information about this <code>Realm</code> implementation.
*/
protected static final String name = "JAASRealm";
/**
* The list of role class names, split out for easy processing.
*/
protected List<String> roleClasses = new ArrayList<String>();
/**
* The set of user class names, split out for easy processing.
*/
protected List<String> userClasses = new ArrayList<String>();
/**
* Whether to use context ClassLoader or default ClassLoader.
* True means use context ClassLoader, and True is the default
* value.
*/
protected boolean useContextClassLoader = true;
/**
* Path to find a JAAS configuration file, if not set global JVM JAAS
* configuration will be used.
*/
protected String configFile;
protected Configuration jaasConfiguration;
protected volatile boolean jaasConfigurationLoaded = false;
// ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties
/**
* Getter for the <code>configfile</code> member variable.
*/
public String getConfigFile() {
return configFile;
}
/**
* Setter for the <code>configfile</code> member variable.
*/
public void setConfigFile(String configFile) {
this.configFile = configFile;
}
/**
* setter for the <code>appName</code> member variable
*/
public void setAppName(String name) {
appName = name;
}
/**
* getter for the <code>appName</code> member variable
*/
public String getAppName() {
return appName;
}
/**
* Sets whether to use the context or default ClassLoader.
* True means use context ClassLoader.
*
* @param useContext True means use context ClassLoader
*/
public void setUseContextClassLoader(boolean useContext) {
useContextClassLoader = useContext;
log.info("Setting useContextClassLoader = " + useContext);
}
/**
* Returns whether to use the context or default ClassLoader.
* True means to use the context ClassLoader.
*
* @return The value of useContextClassLoader
*/
public boolean isUseContextClassLoader() {
return useContextClassLoader;
}
@Override
public void setContainer(Container container) {
super.setContainer(container);
if( appName==null ) {
String name = container.getName();
if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
name = "/" + name;
}
name = makeLegalForJAAS(name);
appName=name;
log.info("Set JAAS app name " + appName);
}
}
/**
* Comma-delimited list of <code>java.security.Principal</code> classes
* that represent security roles.
*/
protected String roleClassNames = null;
public String getRoleClassNames() {
return (this.roleClassNames);
}
/**
* Sets the list of comma-delimited classes that represent roles. The
* classes in the list must implement <code>java.security.Principal</code>.
* The supplied list of classes will be parsed when {@link #start()} is
* called.
*/
public void setRoleClassNames(String roleClassNames) {
this.roleClassNames = roleClassNames;
}
/**
* Parses a comma-delimited list of class names, and store the class names
* in the provided List. Each class must implement
* <code>java.security.Principal</code>.
*
* @param classNamesString a comma-delimited list of fully qualified class names.
* @param classNamesList the list in which the class names will be stored.
* The list is cleared before being populated.
*/
protected void parseClassNames(String classNamesString, List<String> classNamesList) {
classNamesList.clear();
if (classNamesString == null) return;
ClassLoader loader = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
if (isUseContextClassLoader())
loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
String[] classNames = classNamesString.split("[ ]*,[ ]*");
for (int i=0; i<classNames.length; i++) {
if (classNames[i].length()==0) continue;
try {
Class<?> principalClass = Class.forName(classNames[i], false,
loader);
if (Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(principalClass)) {
classNamesList.add(classNames[i]);
} else {
log.error("Class "+classNames[i]+" is not implementing "+
"java.security.Principal! Class not added.");
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
log.error("Class "+classNames[i]+" not found! Class not added.");
}
}
}
/**
* Comma-delimited list of <code>java.security.Principal</code> classes
* that represent individual users.
*/
protected String userClassNames = null;
public String getUserClassNames() {
return (this.userClassNames);
}
/**
* Sets the list of comma-delimited classes that represent individual
* users. The classes in the list must implement
* <code>java.security.Principal</code>. The supplied list of classes will
* be parsed when {@link #start()} is called.
*/
public void setUserClassNames(String userClassNames) {
this.userClassNames = userClassNames;
}
/**
* Return descriptive information about this Realm implementation and
* the corresponding version number, in the format
* <code><description>/<version></code>.
*/
@Override
public String getInfo() {
return info;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods
/**
* Return the <code>Principal</code> associated with the specified username
* and credentials, if there is one; otherwise return <code>null</code>.
*
* @param username Username of the <code>Principal</code> to look up
* @param credentials Password or other credentials to use in
* authenticating this username
*/
@Override
public Principal authenticate(String username, String credentials) {
return authenticate(username,
new JAASCallbackHandler(this, username, credentials));
}
/**
* Return the <code>Principal</code> associated with the specified username
* and digest, if there is one; otherwise return <code>null</code>.
*
* @param username Username of the <code>Principal</code> to look up
* @param clientDigest Digest to use in authenticating this username
* @param nonce Server generated nonce
* @param nc Nonce count
* @param cnonce Client generated nonce
* @param qop Quality of protection applied to the message
* @param realmName Realm name
* @param md5a2 Second MD5 digest used to calculate the digest
* MD5(Method + ":" + uri)
*/
@Override
public Principal authenticate(String username, String clientDigest,
String nonce, String nc, String cnonce, String qop,
String realmName, String md5a2) {
return authenticate(username,
new JAASCallbackHandler(this, username, clientDigest, nonce,
nc, cnonce, qop, realmName, md5a2,
HttpServletRequest.DIGEST_AUTH));
}
// -------------------------------------------------------- Package Methods
// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods
/**
* Perform the actual JAAS authentication
*/
protected Principal authenticate(String username,
CallbackHandler callbackHandler) {
// Establish a LoginContext to use for authentication
try {
LoginContext loginContext = null;
if( appName==null ) appName="Tomcat";
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.beginLogin", username, appName));
// What if the LoginModule is in the container class loader ?
ClassLoader ocl = null;
if (!isUseContextClassLoader()) {
ocl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(
this.getClass().getClassLoader());
}
try {
Configuration config = getConfig();
loginContext = new LoginContext(
appName, null, callbackHandler, config);
} catch (Throwable e) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e);
log.error(sm.getString("jaasRealm.unexpectedError"), e);
return (null);
} finally {
if(!isUseContextClassLoader()) {
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ocl);
}
}
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug("Login context created " + username);
// Negotiate a login via this LoginContext
Subject subject = null;
try {
loginContext.login();
subject = loginContext.getSubject();
if (subject == null) {
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.failedLogin", username));
return (null);
}
} catch (AccountExpiredException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.accountExpired", username));
return (null);
} catch (CredentialExpiredException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.credentialExpired", username));
return (null);
} catch (FailedLoginException e) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.failedLogin", username));
return (null);
} catch (LoginException e) {
log.warn(sm.getString("jaasRealm.loginException", username), e);
return (null);
} catch (Throwable e) {
ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(e);
log.error(sm.getString("jaasRealm.unexpectedError"), e);
return (null);
}
if( log.isDebugEnabled())
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.loginContextCreated", username));
// Return the appropriate Principal for this authenticated Subject
Principal principal = createPrincipal(username, subject, loginContext);
if (principal == null) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.authenticateFailure", username));
return (null);
}
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.authenticateSuccess", username));
}
return (principal);
} catch( Throwable t) {
log.error( "error ", t);
return null;
}
}
/**
* Return a short name for this <code>Realm</code> implementation.
*/
@Override
protected String getName() {
return (name);
}
/**
* Return the password associated with the given principal's user name. This
* always returns null as the JAASRealm has no way of obtaining this
* information.
*/
@Override
protected String getPassword(String username) {
return (null);
}
/**
* Return the <code>Principal</code> associated with the given user name.
*/
@Override
protected Principal getPrincipal(String username) {
return authenticate(username,
new JAASCallbackHandler(this, username, null, null, null, null,
null, null, null, HttpServletRequest.CLIENT_CERT_AUTH));
}
/**
* Identify and return a <code>java.security.Principal</code> instance
* representing the authenticated user for the specified <code>Subject</code>.
* The Principal is constructed by scanning the list of Principals returned
* by the JAASLoginModule. The first <code>Principal</code> object that matches
* one of the class names supplied as a "user class" is the user Principal.
* This object is returned to the caller.
* Any remaining principal objects returned by the LoginModules are mapped to
* roles, but only if their respective classes match one of the "role class" classes.
* If a user Principal cannot be constructed, return <code>null</code>.
* @param subject The <code>Subject</code> representing the logged-in user
* @param loginContext Associated with the Principal so
* {@link LoginContext#logout()} can be called later
*/
protected Principal createPrincipal(String username, Subject subject,
LoginContext loginContext) {
// Prepare to scan the Principals for this Subject
List<String> roles = new ArrayList<String>();
Principal userPrincipal = null;
// Scan the Principals for this Subject
Iterator<Principal> principals = subject.getPrincipals().iterator();
while (principals.hasNext()) {
Principal principal = principals.next();
String principalClass = principal.getClass().getName();
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.checkPrincipal", principal, principalClass));
}
if (userPrincipal == null && userClasses.contains(principalClass)) {
userPrincipal = principal;
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.userPrincipalSuccess", principal.getName()));
}
}
if (roleClasses.contains(principalClass)) {
roles.add(principal.getName());
if( log.isDebugEnabled() ) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.rolePrincipalAdd", principal.getName()));
}
}
}
// Print failure message if needed
if (userPrincipal == null) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.userPrincipalFailure"));
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.rolePrincipalFailure"));
}
} else {
if (roles.size() == 0) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(sm.getString("jaasRealm.rolePrincipalFailure"));
}
}
}
// Return the resulting Principal for our authenticated user
return new GenericPrincipal(username, null, roles, userPrincipal,
loginContext);
}
/**
* Ensure the given name is legal for JAAS configuration.
* Added for Bugzilla 30869, made protected for easy customization
* in case my implementation is insufficient, which I think is
* very likely.
*
* @param src The name to validate
* @return A string that's a valid JAAS realm name
*/
protected String makeLegalForJAAS(final String src) {
String result = src;
// Default name is "other" per JAAS spec
if(result == null) {
result = "other";
}
// Strip leading slash if present, as Sun JAAS impl
// barfs on it (see Bugzilla 30869 bug report).
if(result.startsWith("/")) {
result = result.substring(1);
}
return result;
}
// ------------------------------------------------------ Lifecycle Methods
/**
* Prepare for the beginning of active use of the public methods of this
* component and implement the requirements of
* {@link org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase#startInternal()}.
*
* @exception LifecycleException if this component detects a fatal error
* that prevents this component from being used
*/
@Override
protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {
// These need to be called after loading configuration, in case
// useContextClassLoader appears after them in xml config
parseClassNames(userClassNames, userClasses);
parseClassNames(roleClassNames, roleClasses);
super.startInternal();
}
/**
* Load custom JAAS Configuration
*/
protected Configuration getConfig() {
try {
if (jaasConfigurationLoaded) {
return jaasConfiguration;
}
synchronized (this) {
if (configFile == null) {
jaasConfigurationLoaded = true;
return null;
}
URL resource = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().
getResource(configFile);
URI uri = resource.toURI();
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Class<Configuration> sunConfigFile = (Class<Configuration>)
Class.forName("com.sun.security.auth.login.ConfigFile");
Constructor<Configuration> constructor =
sunConfigFile.getConstructor(URI.class);
Configuration config = constructor.newInstance(uri);
this.jaasConfiguration = config;
this.jaasConfigurationLoaded = true;
return this.jaasConfiguration;
}
} catch (URISyntaxException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex.getCause());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}